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15th
World Congress Clinical Nutrition
19th
– 22nd September 2010 El Sokhna Resort - Egypt
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Copyright © 2010.
WCCN2010.COM
All rights reserved |
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Wild edible mushrooms: A potential source of nutraceuticals
Krishnendu Acharya
Molecular Laboratory. Department Botany, Univ Calcutta, Kolkata-India;
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Objective: Evaluation on the nutritional, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, anti-diabetic and anti-neoplastic properties of some wild edible mushrooms of India.
Methods: Proximate values were estimated using standard protocols. Antioxidant potential of crude, boiled and ethanolic extracts were studied using different in vitro antioxidant models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the potential extract (Pext) was evaluated in carrageenan and dextran induced acute and formalin induced chronic inflammatory model in mice. Cardioprotective activity of Pext was verified by ex vivo inhibition of human blood platelet aggregation. Antidiabetic and anti-neoplastic activity of Pext was investigated in alloxan induced diabetic mice and Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in mice respectively.
Results: Nutritionally the studied wild edible mushrooms are a valuable source of health food, which are low in calories, and rich in carbohydrates, protein, essential amino acids, fibre, important vitamins and minerals. Furthermore, ethanolic extract (Eext) of different wild mushrooms possessed significant antioxidant activities in different test systems namely, DPPH radical, Hydroxyl radical, Superoxide radical scavenging activities and inhibition of Lipid peroxidation. Eext of Astraeus hygrometricus showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity both in acute and chronic inflammation model, significant antidiabetic activity in mice model. Incubation of human blood platelet rich plasma with Eext on A. hygrometricus resulted in the inhibition of ADP induced platelet aggregation, and prostaglandin synthesis stimulated simultaneously the production of NO in platelets. Eext administration of EAC-bearing Swiss albino mice caused a significant decrease in tumor cell count. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in number of cells in the sub G0/G1 population signifying tumor cell apoptosis by the extract. Data also revealed an increase in the pro-apoptotic protein p53 in EAC cells. It is known that upon p53 induction, multiple downstream factors contribute to the decision making between growth arrest and apoptosis. Among these, pro-apoptotic gene bax is upregulated during p53 mediated apoptosis. The status of Bcl-2 remains unchanged in EAC cells which would signify that Eext of A. hygrometricus is bypassing the Bcl-2 checkpoint and overriding its protective effects on apoptosis. All these together signify that Eext of A. hygrometricus induced apoptogenic signals, thereby leading the tumour cells towards death.
Conclusion: The above findings reveal ‘mushroom nutraceuticals’ have considerable potential as dietary supplements and for use in the prevention and treatment of various human diseases without the troublesome side-effects that frequently accompany treatments involving synthetic drugs.
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