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15th
World Congress Clinical Nutrition
19th
– 22nd September 2010 El Sokhna Resort - Egypt
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Copyright © 2010.
WCCN2010.COM
All rights reserved |
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Scope of
phytosterols and omega -3 fatty
acids in the management of
hyperlipidemias
Manohar Garg
Nutraceuticals Research Group,
School of Biomedical Sciences &
Pharmacy University of Newcastle,
NSW, Australia
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Objective: It is
well established that phytosterols
reduce total cholesterol and
LDL-cholesterol and fish oils rich
in long chain omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids
(LCn-3PUFA) can reduce circulating
triglycerides and raise
HDL-cholesterol. The primary
objective of this study was to
investigate the combination of
dietary supplementation with
phytosterols and LCn-3PUFA on plasma
lipid profile and second to
establish whether this treatment
influenced CV risk and biomarkers of
systemic inflammation in subjects
with established hyperlipidemia.
Methods: A 3-week,
randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial, in 4
parallel groups in participants with
hyperlipidemia having baseline total
cholesterol ≥6.0mmol/L and
triglyceride concentration
≥1.5mmol/L and not taking
lipid-lowering drugs or omega-3
supplements was conducted. Sixty
participants were randomised to 4
groups: placebo (sunola oil); fish
oil; phytosterol; combination (phytosterols
+ fish oil), whilst maintaining
their habitual diet and exercise
level. Plasma lipids and markers of
inflammation were determined using
autoanalyser and ELISA kits
respectively. The model used for
estimating cardiovascular risk is
taken from the Framingham Heart
Study. Results: The combined
supplementation, significantly
reduced plasma total cholesterol,
LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride
concentration and significantly
raised HDL-cholesterol. A
significant interaction effect was
found for the two functional foods
on total and LDL-cholesterol (P<.001
and P<.01, respectively).
Furthermore, this yielded
significant reductions in CV risk,
CRP, and leptin and increased
adiponectin levels. No significant
changes in inflammatory mediators
were evident in the sunola oil or
phytosterol alone groups, however
supplementation with n-3PUFA alone
significantly reduced hs-CRP and
TNF-α. The combination of n-3PUFA
and plant sterols reduced several
inflammatory mediators. Reductions
in hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, LTB4 and an
increase in adiponectin were found.
Overall cardiovascular risk was
reduced by 5%, 15% and 15% in the
sunola oil, plant sterol and n-3PUFA
alone groups and 23% in the
combination group.
Conclusions: In
individuals with hyperlipidemia, the
combined supplementation with
phytosterols and LCn-3PUFA
significantly improves plasma lipid
profile in a synergistic and
complementary manner, as well as
markers of inflammation and overall
CV risk.
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