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15th
World Congress Clinical Nutrition
19th
– 22nd September 2010 El Sokhna Resort - Egypt
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Copyright © 2010.
WCCN2010.COM
All rights reserved |
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Can physical activity
protect against biomarkers of
diseases ?
Mahmood Moshiri, Ram B Singh Trinity
Medical Centre, Toronto, Canada;
Tsim Tsoum Inst, Krakow, Poland.
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Background: Recent
studies indicate that regular
physical activity may be associated
with a significant reduction of
chronic degenerative diseases such
as cardiovascular disease (CVD),
cancer, osteoporosis, and diabetes
mellitus. In apparently healthy
subjects as well as among patients,
physical activity can create a
feeling of wellbeing. Methods:
Search in pubmed.com and discussions
with friends and experts and
Moshiri’s patients file Review.
Results: A meta-analysis performed
in 18 prospective cohort studies
involving a total population of
500,000 subjects evaluated for
physical activity performed during
leisure time, has shown that
physical activity of moderate
intensity is significantly
associated with a decrease of
developing ischemic heart disease by
22% (Eur J cardiovasc Prev Rehabil
2008; 15: 247-57). This finding
appears to be of considerable
interest especially because it has
been obtained after the exclusion of
categories of higher intensity
physical activity, accessible only
by a small part of the general
population.. One of the first
demonstrations of a causal
association between physical
activity and CVD health comes from
the Harvard Alumni study, which, by
analyzing physical activity in more
than 16,000 asymptomatic for CVD,
demonstrated that physical activity
is inversely associated with risk of
developing CVDs (Am J Epidemiol
1978; 108: 161-75; NEJM 1986; 314:
605-13). Recently, Singh et al
showed among 6500 subjects, that
physical activity was associated
with decrease in central obesity (Acta
Cardiol 2007).From then on, a
hundred of studies have been able to
confirm the data reported by
Paffenbarger et al, extending the
evidence to a period of follow-up of
about 20 years and to different
population groups such as women and
populations living in different
parts of the world, both developing
or industrialized countries. In 2003
a study by Oguma et al. analyzed the
association between physical
activity and onset of cardiovascular
disease in women, showing that
physical activity is associated with
a reduction of about 30% of
cardiovascular events, similar to
the association found among males
(Am J Prev Med 2004; 26: 407-18).
The INTERHEART study, which analyzed
the modifiable risk factors in 52
countries around the world with a
population of 30,000 persons
examined between patients and
controls showed that the
implementation of regular physical
activity is able to give more than
40% protection with respect to acute
myocardial infarction, independently
of the country and of
socio-environmental conditions
(Lancet 2004; 364: 937-52). In an
animal model, a moderate exercise,
not causing ventricular hypertrophy
in myocardial infarction can lead to
protection against ischemic /
reperfusion. The gene expression
profile, in fact, highlighted in the
group of healthy rats trained versus
sedentary healthy rats, some genes
that may be responsible for this
beneficial effect. A recent
systematic review of Whelton et al.
analyzed the effect of aerobic
exercise on blood pressure (Ann
Intern Med 2002; 136: 493-503), by
reviewing 54 randomized, controlled
trials. the authors showed that a
type of aerobic exercise is
associated with a reduction of blood
pressure in hypertensive and
normotensive subjects. Furthermore,
a meta-analysis of 52 intervention
studies with a training program of
more than 3 months showed the
beneficial role of physical activity
in reducing circulating levels of
lipid parameters of cardiovascular
risk, such as LDL cholesterol and
triglycerides, with a simultaneous
increase in HDL cholesterol (Prev
Cardiol 2005; 8: 206-214). Further
studies showed that moderate
exercise can reduce cardiovascular
risk parameters such as body mass
index as well as significantly
reduce circulating levels of total
cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides
after correction for all possible
confounding factors which also
include the nutritional profile.
Finally, it has been shown that
physical activity is able to
significantly reduce circulating
levels of some inflammatory
parameters such as C-reactive
protein, interleuchin-6 and, of
particular interest is the recent
demonstration of the mobilization of
endothelial progenitor cells induced
by physical activity. Conclusions:
Physical activity can modulate
health and biomarkers of diseases.
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