Nutrition, net endogenous
acid production, and
endocrine-metabolic milieu
Thomas Remer
Research Institute of Child
Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany
Elevated net endogenous acid
production (NEAP) is a frequent
consequence of an unbalanced
nutrition with higher intakes of
proton-generating protein and
insufficient consumption of
base-generating fruits and
vegetables. Best way to estimate
NEAP is quantification of renal net
acid excretion (NAE) in 24-h urine
samples. High dietary acid loads or
high NAE are strong predictors of
low grade metabolic acidosis which
probably exerts a number of
unfavorable endocrine and metabolic
effects. This paper focuses on two
endocrinologicaly and metabolically
relevant outcomes: glucocorticoids
and uric acid. Increased cortisol
and/or cortisone levels, i.e., an
increased glucocorticoid activity
may be a direct result of metabolic
acidosis and both glucocorticoids
and acidosis can be involved in
adverse health effects, for example
related to the metabolic syndrome.
Additionally, changes in renal NAE
appear to exert profound influences
on the elimination of uric acid for
which a contributory role in the
development of the metabolic
syndrome is strongly assumed too.
Therefore, potential effects of
diet-dependent NAE on
glucocorticoids and uric acid levels
will be described and discussed
herein.